Forest fires pose a serious threat to natural tourist areas, including in Guci, Tegal Regency. This research aims to develop an early warning system for forest fires using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology integrated with the LoRaWAN protocol and real-time notifications via Telegram. The system consists of sensor nodes using DHT22 for measuring temperature and humidity, as well as MQ-2 for gas detection, which are calibrated to improve reading accuracy. Implementation results show that the hardware and software work together effectively to quickly detect fire conditions, indicated by the activation of a buzzer and the sending of notifications when temperature exceeds 40°C or gas exceeds 300 ppm. Testing at several nodes with varying distances shows that the system can operate stably with an average delay of 397-484 ms, throughput of 1.64-3.38 kbps, and no packet loss. The Telegram notification interface provides information on location, temperature humidity, as well as fire status clearly, thus speeding up the response of field officers. The results of this study prove that the LoRaWAN-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system designed can work effectively and reliably to support forest fire mitigation in vulnerable areas.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, LoRaWAN, Forest Fires, Telegram, Early Warning, Guci Tegal.