Efficient and sustainable garden lighting is an important need in public spaces and residential environments. This study aims to design a solar energy-based garden lighting automation system supported by a solar tracker using an Arduino ATmega328 microcontroller, a BH1750 sensor to detect light intensity, and an LDR sensor to direct the orientation of the solar panel. The problems studied include the accuracy of the light sensor in determining the ON/OFF status of the lamp and the effectiveness of the solar tracker in following the direction of sunlight. The research method used is an experiment, including hardware design, microcontroller programming, and direct
system testing in an outdoor environment. The test results show that the system is able
to turn on the lights automatically when the light intensity drops below 300 lux and turn them off when bright, with an accuracy level of 93.3%. The solar tracker
successfully adjusts the position of the solar panel dynamically based on the difference
in resistance of the LDR sensor. This system shows reliable performance in natural
environmental conditions and has the potential to be implemented as a renewable
energy-based garden lighting solution. Development suggestions include the
integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and improving the accuracy of panel
orientation.
Keywords: automatic garden lighting, solar tracker, Arduino ATmega328,
LDR sensor, BH1750 sensor, renewable energy.