Kitchen safety in households is a major concern due to the high risk of fire and LPG gas leaks. This study developed an early detection and mitigation system based on the ESP32 microcontroller, integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology and Wi-Fi connectivity. The system utilizes an MQ-2 sensor to detect smoke and flammable gases, a KY-026 sensor to detect flame presence, and a DHT11 sensor to monitor temperature changes. To avoid false alarms, the system is only activated when a flame is detected along with a temperature rise above 40°C, or when the flame is accompanied by a gas/smoke concentration exceeding
400 ppm. Upon detecting a hazardous condition, the ESP32 processes sensor data and sends real-time notifications via a Telegram Bot, activates a buzzer as an early
warning alert, and triggers a water pump through a relay module for automatic response. Testing was conducted under various kitchen conditions to evaluate sensor accuracy, notification speed, and system reliability. Results showed the MQ- 2 sensor effectively detects gas concentrations above 300 ppm, the KY-026
performs optimally at a 20 cm distance and 0-45° detection angle, and the DHT11 successfully records temperature increases during fire simulations. Network
performance showed an average delay of 191.83 ms, jitter of 195.65 ms, throughput of 4.24 Kbps, and no packet loss, complying with QoS standards by ITU-T G.1010.
The system achieved 100% notification accuracy and delivered fast, precise, and
reliable automatic responses, enhancing household kitchen safety through early
warning and immediate mitigation of fire and gas leak hazards.
Keywords: Early warning system, early mitigation, IoT, ESP32, MQ-2, KY-026, DHT11, Telegram Bot, relay module, buzzer, flame detection, gas leak, false alarm.